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Secret Services of Russia
The secret services of the Russian Federation, operating within the framework of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, ensure security of the state and of the citizens of the Russian Federation. The system of secret services of the Russian Federation comprises the Federal Security Service, the Foreign Intelligence Service, the Federal Border Service, and the Federal Guard Service. Serving as the legal basis of their operation is the Constitution - Fundamental Law of the Russian Federation, and a number of laws regulating secret service activities.
The Federal Security Service (Federal'naya sluzhba bezopasnosti, FSB) is a component part of the security forces of the Russian Federation and ensures, within its frame of reference, security of the person, society, and the state. A federal executive agency, FSB is within the direct jurisdiction of the President of the Russian Federation. In its activities, the Federal Security Service is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Law "On Bodies of the Federal Security Service in the Russian Federation," and other federal laws and other enactments of the federal bodies of state power. The main activities pursued by the FSB bodies are counterintelligence and the fight against crime. The FSB also has the right to engage in intelligence work, this "within its frame of reference and in cooperation with the foreign intelligence bodies of the Russian Federation with the purpose of obtaining information on threats to security of the Russian Federation."
The Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba vneshney razvedki, SVR) carries out intelligence activities with the purpose of providing the President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly, and the Government with information required for decision-making in the political, economic, military-strategic, scientific-technical, and ecological areas; for ensuring conditions aiding the successful implementation of the Russian Federation's policy in the security sphere; for assisting economic development, scientific and technical progress of the country and military-technical security of the Russian Federation.
The Federal Border Service (Federal'naya pogranichnaya sluzhba, FPS) ensures implementation of the state border policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of protection of the state border, the territorial sea, the continental shelf, and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as performance of tasks related to the protection of biological resources and the realization of the state control in this sphere. The Federal Border Service organizes intelligence, counterintelligence and operational investigative work carried out by the bodies and forces of the FPS of Russia and provides for cooperation with bodies performing these types of activities in the Russian Federation in the interests of state border protection.
The Federal Guard Service (Federal'naya sluzhba okhrany, FSO) within its frame of reference provides for security of persons holding state positions of the Russian Federation, federal civil servants entitled to state protection, and foreign heads of state and government while in sojourn in the territory of the Russian Federation.The main tasks facing the service are forecasting and revealing a threat to the vital interetsts of objects of state protection, and carrying out a set of measures in order to avert the threat; providing for security of objects of state protection in places of permanent and temporary stay; ensuring, within its frame of reference, the organization and functioning of presidential communication; participating in the fight against terrorism; protecting guarded facilities; revealing, averting and disrupting crimes and other infractions of law at guarded facilities.
All the secret services of the Russian Federation are within the direct jurisdiction of the President of the Russian Federation, but, within the framework of the relevant Acts regarding their activities, supply information to different federal bodies of power and exchange information between themselves. For example, the SVR, though within the jurisdiction of the President of the Russian Federation, provides intelligence not only to the President but also to the Chambers of the Federal Assembly, governmental bodies, and a number of agencies as indicated by the President. The FPS, which is within the presidential jurisdiction, reports to the Government of the Russian Federation. The FSO and the FSB are within the President's direct jurusdiction.
In their modern state, the secret services of the Russian Federation were formerly parts of the fabric of the Committee of State Security (KGB), which went through an overhaul in keeping with the last law passed in the USSR on December 4, 1991, "On the Reorganization of the State Security Bodies."
Under a number of decrees, the secret services of the Russian Federation are the successors of the relevant agencies of the former KGB.
The FSB is the successor of the Federal Counterintelligence Service (Federal'naya sluzhba kontrrazvedki, FSK) formed in keeping with the Decree on Abolition of the Security Ministry in December 1993, something that is mentioned in President Boris Yeltsin's April 3, 1995 Decree "On Bodies of the Federal Security Service in the Russian Federation."
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